# Frequently Asked Questions

- ### 1. From time to time, I experience severe abdominal pain, which disappears after 1 or 2 days but returns again during the week. Should I consult a doctor?

  Severe abdominal pain is not only a major discomfort for the patient but also a significant dilemma for the doctor. This is because the causes of such pain can be many and varied. To differentiate between pain caused by a temporary condition and pain resulting from a disease requiring a specific diagnosis and treatment, several clinical and instrumental examinations must be performed. The first step is always a consultation with a Gastro-Hepatologist, who, based on clinical findings, will prepare the appropriate examination plan. This plan will serve to determine the correct diagnosis and, consequently, the treatment plan.

- ### 2. I’ve heard that colonoscopy can be very painful. What can be done to prevent the pain?

  Thanks to modern equipment and available medications, this examination can be performed virtually without pain. The patient can be fully asleep during the procedure without feeling any discomfort. If the patient prefers to stay awake or semi-awake without experiencing pain, that is also possible. We can communicate with the patient during the procedure under sedation to quickly respond to any discomfort. The method of sedation—full or partial—depends on the patient's age, accompanying illnesses, and personal preference. Written consent will be obtained from the patient before any examination involving sedation. Also, a mandatory preliminary discussion with the doctor will inform the patient and help relieve anxiety, making the procedure more acceptable.

- ### 3. I often experience bloating and gas. I don’t understand what could be causing it. What can be done about this unpleasant sensation?

  The first step is always a consultation with the doctor, in this case with a Gastro-Hepatologist. Following the consultation, some instrumental examinations may be required, such as:

  - Gastroscopy
  - Colonoscopy
  - Abdominal Ultrasound
  - Laboratory tests on stool samples
  - Laboratory blood tests

  Additionally, adjustments to diet and lifestyle are necessary. If no specific cause is identified, the doctor will discuss symptomatic treatment with the patient.

- ### 4. Do hemorrhoids always need to be treated?

  It is obvious that in cases of symptoms, a consultation with a Gastro-Hepatologist, including a clinical and instrumental examination, is necessary. These are important to determine the grade of the hemorrhoids, prevent complications, and decide on the method of treatment. Only fourth-degree hemorrhoids must be treated surgically.

- ### 5. What can I do about heartburn?

  In most cases, heartburn is linked to excessive production of stomach acid and/or a disorder in gastric emptying, causing acid to reflux into the esophagus. Certain food products may also be triggers.
  If heartburn disturbs you at night, you should elevate the head of your bed so that your shoulders are not at the same level as your stomach. If you are overweight, you should try to lose weight.
  However, for a Gastro-Hepatologist, it is important to determine whether heartburn has caused damage to the esophageal mucosa and, if so, to what degree. Therefore, proper evaluation is necessary.

- ### 6. Could constipation be the reason that, even though I eat little, I keep gaining weight?

  No! Weight gain results from an imbalance between energy intake (food) and energy expenditure (physical activity). In many cases, lack of physical activity leads to constipation as well.
  Your diet may be another important factor—either for weight gain or for constipation.
  We must also not forget that some metabolic diseases can lead to weight gain.
  For this reason, a medical check-up is always valuable. Consulting a Gastro-Hepatologist would be very helpful in all cases.

- ### 7. I am afraid and anxious about undergoing gastroscopy because even the slightest stimulation in my mouth (even when brushing my teeth) makes me gag, and I feel like I might suffocate during the examination. How can you help me?

  You can and should talk to your Gastro-Hepatologist about this feeling. The doctor and their team will treat you with professionalism and sensitivity during the procedure.
  You can choose to be semi-sedated or fully asleep during the examination, making the procedure much easier.
  In all cases, you should rest assured that your airways will remain clear, and you will be able to breathe freely.
  Moreover, your heart rate and blood oxygen levels will be monitored throughout the procedure.
  If you suffer from asthma, you must inform your doctor beforehand.

- ### 8. Should I undergo a colonoscopy even if I have no symptoms?

  Colonoscopy should be performed in all individuals after the age of 50, regardless of symptoms.
  This examination serves to prevent colorectal cancer, a deadly and widespread disease at these ages.
  Early diagnosis of this disease can save lives.
  Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or colon polyps are particularly at risk and should definitely undergo a colonoscopy, even if they have no symptoms.

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